Numerical study of entropy generation in magneto-convective flow of nanofluid in porous enclosure using fractional order non-Darcian model

The present numerical work examines the effect of fractional order parameter on heat transfer and entropy generation for a thermo-magnetic convective flow nanofluid (Cu-water) in square porous enclosure that contains semi-circular bottom wall. Darcy–Brinkmann–Forchheimer model is utilized to evaluate momentum media, Caputo-time derivative term introduced as well energy equation. Further, non-dimensional governing equations are simulated through penalty finite element method, Caputo time approximated by L1-scheme. study carried out various parameters, including Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy (Da), radius semicircle (r), (α), Hartmann (Ha). comprehensive results presented contour variation isotherms, streamlines, total at selected range parameters. In addition, thermal transport irreversibilities due transfer, fluid friction, magnetic field have been accounted mean Nusselt (Num) Bejan (Beht), friction (Beff), (Bemf), respectively. key findings reveal during initial evolution period, Num value increases α→1. Additionally, taken achieve steady state condition varies depends α. Furthermore, absence Ha, intensifies with augmentation Ra Da all α, while, increasing Ha shows an adverse impact rate.